![]() However, a few studies conducted in different parts of Ethiopia (Ghibe River Basin, Bahir Dar Zuria District, Sekoru District, Meskan and Mareko district, Gilgel-Gibe dam area, Arba Minch area, and Gamo Gofa zone ) showed the presence of sporozoite infection on principal vectors ( A. In Ethiopia, a large number of Anopheles mosquitoes were tested for Plasmodium circumsporozoite protein (CSP) using ELISA. In Ethiopia, different researchers reported the development of resistance in different insecticide groups on A. On the other hand, the developments of insecticide and drug resistance in different insecticide groups and drugs have their own impact on the control of the main malaria vectors. In addition to these, community education, introductions of rapid diagnostic tests, and adaptation of artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) are also practiced. IRS and LLINs are used to reduce the density, feeding frequency, and longevity of malaria vectors by killing the vectors with insecticides or blocking their contact with humans and primarily target malaria vectors that feed and rest inside the house at night. Among these, indoor residual spraying (IRS), long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs), and larval source management (LSM) are the most important mosquito vector control approaches. ![]() The major vector control methods currently implemented in malaria vector programs include methods targeting larvae and adult mosquitoes. Įthiopia is a country that has implemented revised strategies to control malaria. stephensi was identified in the eastern Ethiopia. ![]() It is found in the southwestern, western, and northwestern parts of Ethiopia. Anopheles nili is the least common and more localized species, and it is not adequately studied. The other common vectors of malaria dominating in malaria-endemic areas are A. arabiensis is a principal malaria vector largely distributed in Ethiopia. nili are the medically important malaria vectors in Ethiopia. In Ethiopia, more than forty species of Anopheles mosquitoes have been documented so far. The disease is transmitted by the bites of infective female Anopheles mosquitoes. ![]() vivax are the two parasitic species commonly known to cause malaria in Ethiopia accounting for 60% and 40% proportion, respectively. Malaria is a major mosquito-borne disease in Ethiopia, and it is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality. Moreover, mosquitoes can transmit animal diseases such as the fowl-pox of poultry, myxomatosis of rabbits, rift-valley fever of sheep, encephalitis of horses and birds, and heartworm diseases of dogs. In addition to this, they can transmit disease-causing agents and lead to human diseases such as malaria, yellow fever, chikungunya, lymphatic filariasis, dengue, hemorrhagic fever and encephalitis, diseases caused by Zika virus and filariasis, and eventually cause high morbidity and mortality in human. Mosquitoes are regarded as public enemies because of their biting annoyance, noise nuisance, and cause of sleeplessness. Some mosquito species bite humans routinely and act as vectors of a number of infectious diseases affecting millions of people annually in Sub-Saharan Africa. From these genera, Anopheles, Aedes, and Culex are medically important due to their ability to transmit mosquito-borne human diseases. There are over 3,530 species of mosquitoes in the world which are grouped under 43 genera all these genera are included in the Culicidae family. They are divided into three subfamilies: Toxorhynchitinae, Anophelinae, and Culicinae. Mosquitoes belong to the phylum Arthropoda, class Insecta, and order Diptera. These conditions create local puddles, flooding, and warm ambient temperatures, which are suitable for Anopheles mosquito breeding, and may accelerate focal malaria transmission. The interaction of mountain landscapes with other variables, such as winds, seasonal rains, and temperatures, creates diverse environmental conditions for malaria transmission. Its capital and the largest city is Addis Ababa, located almost at the center of the country.Įthiopia is endowed with different types of plants and animals including mosquito species. The country has a total area of 1,100,000 square kilometers (420,000 square mile). Ethiopia is the most populous landlocked country in the world and the second-most populous nation on the African continent. Ethiopia lies between the equator and northern tropic between the 3°N and 15°N latitude or 33☎ and 48☎ longitude. The country is bounded by Eritrea in the north, Djibouti in the northeast, Somalia in the east, Kenya in the south, South Sudan in the west, and Sudan in the northwest. It is the oldest independent country in Africa. Ethiopia is located in the eastern part of the African continent, known as the Horn of Africa.
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